This page presents a number of links related to the Polytrope Tool.
The mathematics of a polytrope is described by the Lane-Emden equation. The details of the Lane-Emden equation and its solution are discussed at mathworld.
The polytrope is used to describe the limiting mass of a white dwarf star. An introductory discussion of this limit (the Chandrasekhar limit) is available at Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia.